Establishing Customer Behavior through E-Commerce Websites in Newly Emerging Market

E-commerce is creating growth opportunities for e-retailers, especially during the Covid-19 outbreak. It increases the perceptions of both providers and customers toward their shopping convenience. In 2021, Vietnam became one of the fastest-growing countries among Southeast Asia's Internet economies. However, both scholars and management practitioners have argued the inconsistent assessments of the factors affecting customer purchase behavior in online settings. Thus, this study aims to identify the critical factors influencing customer behavioral intention toward e-commerce websites that were adopted from well-established models and relevant literature. The online survey was the data collection method. All items were measured through a 5-point Likert scale. This study proposed and analyzed a conceptual framework using existing survey data from 312 samples in the context of online buying via e-commerce websites. Data were analyzed by using the statistical tool SPSS. The results indicated that factors including perceived usefulness, transaction security, perceived ease of use, trust, and subjective norm positively influence customer shopping intention. The results revealed the most prominent impact of the transaction security on customer purchase intention. Besides, perceived risk is a significant barrier in online shopping through e-commerce websites. The researchers have brought practical insights and made conceptual contributions by extending existing research on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) regarding online shopping on the e-commerce website. The paper helps to validate and strengthen the importance of customer purchase intention in an e-shopping environment. The findings would help e-commerce providers be able to formulate specific strategies to increase customer usage significantly. Moreover, managers can focus their attention and resources on the greatest significant factors regarding their effects on behavioral intention.

Acute Pancreatitis Following a Lower Extremity Angioplasty

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis affects a significant population globally. Usual etiologies are gallstones, alcohol, hypertriglyceridemia, medications;less frequent are trauma, hypercalcemia, infections, toxins, ischemia, anatomic anomalies, vasculitis, and idiopathic. Pancreatitis post coronary intervention is an uncommon cause with only 19 published cases in the last two decades. Being cognizant of this etiology is important given the increasing number of patients undergoing angiography. Case Description/Methods: An 81-year-old female with hypertension, diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, prior cholecystectomy underwent left lower extremity angioplasty at an outside center. Within a few hours, she started having severe epigastric pain radiating to her back, nausea, vomiting and loose bloody stool. She presented to the emergency department 24 hours after symptom onset. Epigastric tenderness was present on exam. Labs revealed leukocytosis (24,450/muL), elevated lipase (1410 U/L), elevated creatinine (1.3 mg/dL), lactate (3.1 mmol/L), calcium 9.4 mg/dL and triglycerides 161 mg/dL. Incidentally, found to be positive for COVID-19. Normal common bile duct diameter seen on sonogram. CT angiogram of the abdomen/pelvis showed acute pancreatitis, duodenal and central small bowel enteritis (Figure). She was not on any medications known to cause pancreatitis and denied alcohol use. Patient improved with analgesics and intravenous fluids. She had no recurrence of bloody stools and hemoglobin remained stable. On day 4, she was able to tolerate a regular diet, and leukocyte count and creatinine normalized. Patient did not have any COVID respiratory symptoms, and was discharged. Discussion(s): Given the temporal association to angioplasty and no other identifiable cause, acute pancreatitis was presumed to be due to the contrast used during angioplasty. Other possibilities included cholesterol embolism but no peripheral signs of cholesterol embolism were seen. Patient was an asymptomatic COVID-19 case. Although, there are case series of pancreatitis due to COVID, those were found in very sick symptomatic patients. On review of literature, cholesterol embolism was identified as a definite cause only on autopsy or laparotomy (Table). Other possible mechanisms are: high viscosity of the contrast media leading to ischemia and necrosis, contrast causing NF-kB activation followed by epithelial damage, and vasospasm. Pancreatitis after coronary angiography is rare, nonetheless, an important differential especially if there is a temporal relationship.

Nanowires for Biosensors

Strong biomedicine sensors may enable the detection and classification of chemical and biological species in a wide range of applications, from illness diagnosis to medicine development, thus increasing the possibility of life-saving and intervention. Over the previous decade, synthetic nanomaterials, particularly nanowire materials, have already led to advances in a range of fields, including biological sensors. When compared to macro-sized materials, the huge surface area-to-volume ratio of nanowire dramatically boosted sensitivity. Its applications in the detection of biomarkers, viruses, and coronaviruses (COVID-19), as well as illness diagnostics, are also highlighted. Recent advancements include self-powering, renewability, sensitivities in high ionic strength solvents, and long-term stability. Nanowires are expected to significantly enhance biological sensors in the near future. This book chapter gives a comprehensive explanation of the nanowire sensor's operation and manufacturing process. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Ram K. Gupta.

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Bikeshare Usage by Rider Membership Status Across Selected U.S. Cities

Bikesharing is a popular transportation mode for people to commute, for leisurely travel, or for recreation purposes in their daily tasks. Throughout 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on bikeshare usage in the United States. Previous studies show that the pandemic negatively affected bikeshare activity patterns. To examine the effects of the pandemic on bikeshare behavior across membership types, this study investigated trip volume-and trip duration patterns of both members and nonmembers of five bikeshare systems across the United States. The results showed that member ridership significantly decreased throughout the pandemic, but nonmember ridership tended to be stable. It was also found that trip durations increased across both groups throughout the pandemic. Additionally, inferences were made to determine the level of support for a reversion to prepandemic normality as the pandemic progressed and reopening occurred in phases. The findings from this study could benefit bikeshare agencies in developing postpandemic recovery strategies. © National Academy of Sciences: Transportation Research Board 2021.

Students' perceptions towards the application of peer assessment in a virtual English writing class

Writing skills are not easy to develop in English language learning, especially when online learning is being implemented amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to improve students' writing skills, as well as increase students' autonomy, peer assessment is often adopted. The article presents findings of the research conducted in late 2021 on students' perceptions towards the use of peer assessment in an online English writing class in Vietnam. The research applied a mixed method model with a questionnaire and an interview as the instruments. The questionnaire has 18 items divided into 4 parts: students' personal information, students' attitudes towards peer assessment, advantages of peer assessment, and disadvantages of peer assessment. The participants were 97 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students who experienced one semester studying "Advanced Writing Skills” in online classes. The findings of the research revealed that students had negative attitudes towards the application of peer assessment to improve writing skills and they shared ideas of advantages and disadvantages of peer assessment. It is recommended that specific guidelines on how to do peer assessment with samples should be provided before teachers implement this teaching technique in class. In addition, in online classes, teachers need to be aware of making students familiar with peer assessment, as well as in the virtual environment. Practitioner Notes 1. Peer assessment can be applied as an effective method to develop students' writing skills in both offline and online situations. 2. To implement online peer assessment, practitioners should carefully design the activity with well-prepared peer assessment criteria and familiarise students with the way to do online peer assessment. 3. Technical issues and platforms used to conduct online peer assessment should be accounted for as an effective implementation of peer assessment. 4. Students' attitudes towards the application of peer assessment to develop writing skills may vary due to various factors like the organisation of the activity. 5. Whether peer assessment can develop students' soft skills like critical thinking and team work depends much on practitioners' ways of implementing the activity. © 2023, University of Wollongong. All rights reserved.

Air Quality Improvement Following COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and Projected Benefits for Environmental Health

Many regions worldwide suffer from heavy air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), resulting in a huge annual disease burden and significant welfare costs. Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 global pandemic, enforced curfews and restrictions on human mobility (so-called periods of 'lockdown') have become important measures to control the spread of the virus. This study aims to investigate the improvement in air quality following COVID-19 lockdown measures and the projected benefits for environmental health. China was chosen as a case study. The work projects annual premature deaths and welfare costs by integrating PM2.5 and NO2 pollutant measurements derived from satellite imagery (MODIS instruments on Terra and Aqua, and TROPOMI on Sentinel-5P) with census data archived by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A 91-day timeframe centred on the initial lockdown date of 23 January 2020 was investigated. To perform the projections, OECD data on five variables from 1990 to 2019 (mean population exposure to ambient PM2.5, premature deaths, welfare costs, gross domestic product and population) were used as training data to run the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and multiple regression models. The analysis of the satellite imagery revealed that across the regions of Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Xi'an, Shanghai and Hubei, the average concentrations of PM2.5 decreased by 6.2, 30.7, 14.1, 20.7, 29.3, 5.5 and 17.3%, while the NO2 decreased by 45.5, 54.7, 60.5, 58.7, 63.6, 50.5 and 66.5%, respectively, during the period of lockdown restrictions in 2020, as compared with the equivalent period in 2019. Such improvements in air quality were found to be beneficial, reducing in 2020 both the number of premature deaths by approximately 97,390 and welfare costs by over USD 74 billion.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FAKE NEWS DETECTION TOOL FOR VIETNAMESE BASED ON DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES

With the development of the Internet, social networks and different communication channels, people can get information quickly and easily. However, in addition to real and useful news, we also receive false and unreal information. The problem of fake news has become a difficult and unresolved issue. For languages with few users, such as Vietnamese, the research on fake news detection is still very limited and has not received much attention. In this paper, we present research results on building a tool to support fake news detection for Vietnamese. Our idea is to apply text classification techniques to fake news detection. We have built a database of 4 groups of 2 topics about politics (fake news and real news) and about Covid-19 (fake news and real news). Then use deep learning techniques CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) to create the corresponding models. When there is new news that needs to be verified, we just need to apply the classification to see which of the four groups they label into to decide whether it is fake news or not. The tool was able to detect fake news quickly and easily with a correct rate of about 85 %. This result will be improved when getting a larger training data set and adjusting the parameters for the machine learning model. These results make an important contribution to the research on detecting fake news for Vietnamese and can be applied to other languages. In the future, besides using classification techniques (based on content analysis), we can combine many other methods such as checking the source, verifying the author's information, checking the distribution process to improve the quality of fake news detection © 2022, Authors. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons CC BY license

EcoRealms: Improving Well-being and Enhancing Productivity Through Incorporating Nature into the Workplace

Work-induced stress is a large problem that has only been exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. Nature has beneficial effects on psychological and physiological well-being, with an abundance of scientific literature demonstrating the ability of greenery to reduce stress. As such, the fusion of nature-based design into the work and academic environments has the potential to greatly decrease student and employee stress. Primary methods of incorporating greenery indoors include living walls and potted plants. However, these methods fall short of creating an immersive environment that maximizes the positive impact on worker well-being, and additionally, barriers such as maintenance, costs, and extensive construction limit implementation. This paper outlines a new method to integrate nature into the work environment through 'EcoRealms,' which are immersive, natural spaces created by modular and self-maintaining 'living partitions.' These low-cost, easy-to-install partitions act as design elements to create a flexible space that serves worker well-being and enhances productivity. Discussed are prototypes that demonstrate the design's technical feasibility and results from a self-reported questionnaire that validate the positive impacts of the EcoRealm on wellbeing. © 2022 IEEE.

A novel design of a smart interactive guiding robot for busy airports

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a massive impact on the global aviation industry. As a result, the airline industry has been forced to embrace new technologies and procedures in order to provide a more secure and bio-safe travel. Currently, the role of smart technology in airport systems has expanded significantly as a result of the contemporary Industry 4.0 context. The article presents a novel construction of an intelligent mobile robot system to guide passengers to take the plane at the departure terminals at busy airports. The robot provides instructions to the customer through the interaction between the robot and the customer utilizing voice communications. The usage of the Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API combined with technical machine learning to analyze and understand the customer's requirements are deployed. In addition, we use a face detection technique based on Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) to predict the distance between the robot and passengers to perform the function. The robot can guide passengers to desired areas in the terminal. The results and evaluation of the implementation process are also mentioned in the article and show promise.

GRAPES: semi-automatic approach for forecasting models to predict GameStop prices using cloud computing and machine learning

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, we have seen a surge of retail investors that now can easily trade anywhere in the world with just a Smartphone. Social media groups like Reddit’s WallStreetBets have almost put a few hedge funds close to bankruptcy by driving GameStop share prices to the sky. In this work, we propose a framework called GRAPES which uses Cloud Computing and Machine Learning to explore various forecasting techniques in predicting GameStop prices. In addition to this, this work also provides light insight into semi-automating forecasting models using tools such as Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Airflow and Streamlit. Moreover, we monitored the investment funds from Ark Invest to provide additional insight into the market in general. Overall, the paper shows the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model gives the best accuracy based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 1.12%. This means the predictive model is out with an average of 1.12% from the actual price. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

GRAPES: semi-automatic approach for forecasting models to predict GameStop prices using cloud computing and machine learning

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, we have seen a surge of retail investors that now can easily trade anywhere in the world with just a Smartphone. Social media groups like Reddit's WallStreetBets have almost put a few hedge funds close to bankruptcy by driving GameStop share prices to the sky. In this work, we propose a framework called GRAPES which uses Cloud Computing and Machine Learning to explore various forecasting techniques in predicting GameStop prices. In addition to this, this work also provides light insight into semi-automating forecasting models using tools such as Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Airflow and Streamlit. Moreover, we monitored the investment funds from Ark Invest to provide additional insight into the market in general. Overall, the paper shows the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model gives the best accuracy based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 1.12%. This means the predictive model is out with an average of 1.12% from the actual price.

Online simulated workplace tasks to enhance business English learning

Purpose: This paper aims to provide evidence that online well-designed educational tasks can provide more relevant and richer active learning environment for business English learners. The benefits of online tasks, as an education tool, became more apparent and gained more importance during the events related to the Covid-19 pandemic. The task design is based on task-based interactions and in a sequence of tasks with the support of an online learning management system (LMS). The findings suggest that online task-based learning (and would-be blended learning in the future) enables meaningful and authentic activities promoting interactions and communicative competences to prepare for learners of business English to enter the workplace. Design/methodology/approach: The overarching aim of the study is to explore how task-design-utilizing online LMS could contribute to enhancing the learning process and to the development of the learner's communicative competences. The study included two aspects, namely: (1) the design of online tasks and (2) pilot evaluation. The task design involved tasks that required interactions between the learners. The pilot evaluation relied on data collection via questionnaires. Findings: Two aspects relating to the findings: (1) a description of the teaching initiatives which was designed to see how blended learning and online tasks can enhance learning and develop the skills of the learners: with questioning techniques targeting communication skills, simulated workplace situations and timely feedback and peer influence;(2) the findings of the pilot study evaluation to see the actual implementation of online tasks. The students' responses corroborate the teachers' comments. The findings of this research showed that LMS tasks, which were designed for this study, helped the learners to enhance their competence in business English. Such competences included communicative skills needed for learners to enter the workplace such as interpersonal skills, presentation skills and negotiation skills in contexts. These findings lead to significant recommendations regarding the way forward for developing active blended learning. Research limitations/implications: Firstly, teachers need to be trained and involved in designing such online tasks and materials to be used in active blended learning. More training in language teaching methodologies should be investigated to adapt the transition from a traditional to a computer-assisted language learning teacher. This helps teachers to design and implement online simulated workplace tasks. Secondly, time for the use of online tasks should be allocated satisfactorily. This can be achieved by building online learning sessions into class schedule or developing active blended courses. The time for the use of online simulated tasks should be allocated satisfactorily with lab or simulation room, in which students would be shown how to access the online tasks designed on the university LMS and the way to practice with different kinds of tasks. Originality/value: In this study context, the online tasks design can initiate at activity-level blending to support face-to-face (F2F) activities, for example, online activities to support tasks for the topic Make a request or Offer for help. This can be extended to course-level blending when more online activities are designed to use with F2F activities such as online comparing and contrasting tasks to develop skills in connections with the awareness of cultures. The findings of the research suggest to develop and to implement online tasks alongside with classroom learning and teaching to enable the objectives of business English programme at university for preparing learners to enter the workplace. The recent pandemic highlighted the need for effective methodologies for active blended learning. It is now required that professionals in higher education to collect evidence base to inform future practice of such methodologies. Further significant research efforts should be directed towards collecting such evidence of the effectiv ness and improvements of such methods. The support of higher education management professionals in securing funding for such research will be essential. © 2021, Thi Hong Le Vo.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stressful relationship between parents and children

The stressful relationship between children and parents is the pain both go through when they find themselves unable to cope as a parent or a child. In order to find out the status, causes, and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest some solutions to reduce stress between parents and children, we surveyed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stressful relationships between parents and children at high school age in Da Nang city. The findings of a survey conducted on 550 randomly selected parents and 550 high school students using the Perceived Stress Scale reveal a high rate of tension between parents and their children, particularly up to 51.1% and 38.5%, respectively. In reality, many factors are affecting the stressful relationship between parents and their children at this age, in which psychological fear about health;social distancing policy;closed schools;students staying at home 24 hours a day and learning online;the disruption in children's daily routine;excessive use of electronic devices are major causes of stress in the relationship between parents and their children. From this practice, our research team has proposed such solutions as participating in creative activities and consulting the handbook instructing parents' behaviour rules toward children and vice versa, designing extra-curricular activities, and organizing training courses on life values for both parents and children to increase happiness and reduce stress in the parent-child relationship.

Development strategies for public space post-pandemic: A case study of Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City in the global context

The COVID-19 pandemic imposes huge challenges on urban development with its impacts on reshaping cities. Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam is a typical mega-city with high population density coping with urban infrastructural issues. As social distancing and restrictions on the use of public space have been the key measures to deal with the pandemic, the communal areas in HCMC have been affected from both social and urban design aspects. The paper aims to explore the impacts during and after the COVID-19 epidemic on the public space in HCMC with the case study of four apartment residences in four different districts. It is carried on with 400 surveys and in-depth interviews with the apartment managers. Then, the case of public space in HCMC will be discussed to have a specific look into the issues in the global context. The article argues that despite the consequences of the pandemic to public areas, citizens’ need for these types of city elements persists. Finally, it provides suggestions for reshaping post-pandemic public spaces in both societies’ perception and urban planning strategy.

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND COLLAPSING GLOMERULOPATHY IN PATIENT WITH COVID-19 AND HOMOZYGOUS FOR APOL1 GENE VARIANT

African Americans (AAs) with high-risk APOL1 alleles are at an increased risk of developing early onset focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease. In some cases, severe COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with kidney injury known as COVID-19-Associated Nephropathy, the exact mechanisms of which are unclear. A 25-year-old AA female presented with mild respiratory symptoms and positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was admitted to Emergency in March 2020. Her serum creatinine (sCr) was 1.4 mg/dL, albumin 2.92 g/dL;she recovered clinically and was discharged. She returned to hospital 25 days later with severe kidney failure, sCr of 28 mg/dL, potassium of 5.6 mmol/L and urine protein/creatinine (uPCR) of 10355 mg/g. She was initiated on hemodialysis. Kidney biopsy showed CG with acute tubular necrosis with direct invasion of the glomerular cells by particles resembling coronavirus. Hemodialysis was discontinued and she was discharged home on oral prednisone at 1mg/kg/day. After 5 months, she was tapered off of prednisone and her sCr improved to 2.6 mg/dL with uPCR of 3133 mg/g. Genetic testing with Renasight, a 382 renal gene panel was performed, yielding homozygosity for the APOL1 risk allele (c.[1024A>G;1152T>G] (p. [Ser342Gly;Ile384Met]) (G1 allele). High-risk APOL1 risk variants occur in 13% of AAs.These individuals have an estimated 4% lifetime risk for incurring FSGS. However, a ‘2nd hit' is necessary for kidney disease to develop. COVID-19 may lead to kidney injury due to tissue ischemia, cytokine storm, hypercoagulability or direct viral-mediated mechanisms. In COVID-19 related kidney biopsies, CG is often described. Although glucocorticoid sensitivity in such patients is not well-defined, our patient showed response to oral prednisone. This case adds to growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to CG. The dual effect of high-risk APOL1 variants and SARS-CoV-2 in effecting CG remains to be elucidated. Testing with a broad renal genetic panel could help define genetic variants that promote complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention of Generation Z During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study from Vietnam

Gen Z is a special generation that was born with technology, converging the best development conditions making them an important part of the future development of Vietnam's economy. Gen Z is an important part of the future development of Vietnam's economy. The purpose of this study is to identify and measure the impact of various factors affecting the business intentions of Gen Z in Vietnam during the Covid pandemic. The study did not go into the details of entrepreneurship, instead focused on explaining the impact of factors such as risk-taking, market economic trends, influencers, confidence, and family business traditions on the business intentions of Gen Z. The study was carried out using quantitative and qualitative methods with 335 data points collected online via survey links. The methods used to test the scale such as Cronbach alpha, CFA, SEM are used to examine the correlation between factors affecting the business intention of Gen Z in Vietnam. The results showed that the business intention of Gen Z in Vietnam is positively correlated and significantly influenced by confidence and risk-taking. Furthermore, the study reveals a difference in entrepreneurship of Gen Z Vietnam based on gender and education level.

The potential impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to overwhelm health care systems impairing human to human social and economic interactions. Invasion or damage to the male reproductive system is one of the documented outcomes of viral infection. Existing studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to this loss in relation to inflammatory responses and the formation of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients. Although direct infection of the testes and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into semen as well as subsequent consequences on the male reproductive system need to be studied more systematically, warnings from two organising ASRM and SART for prospective parents when infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be considered. In the context of an increasingly complex pandemic, this review provides preliminary examples of the potential impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and guidance for prospective parents currently infected with or recovering from SARS-CoV-2.

Cocaine induced organizing pneumonia

Case Report Cocaine is a potent natural stimulant that is widely used and is among the most common cause of acute drug related emergency department visits in the US. All different forms of cocaine can cause a variety of neuro-psychological, cardiovascular, and pulmonary injuries. Here we present a case of respiratory failure in patient with smokes cocaine in aluminum foil. Case A35-year-old morbidly obese female with no significant medical history except for daily cannabis uses and cocaine in the past who was admitted for progressive cough, dyspnea, and fever for 10 days. She smoked a different kind of marijuana recently. Family mentioned history of smoking cocaine using aluminum foil recently. no chest pain, rash, or joint pain, no recent travels. no family history of similar condition or autoimmune disease. vital signs fever of 38 C, O2 sat of 82% Room air, BP 162/ 90 mmHg, pulse of 124, RR of 34. Patient did have bilateral rales on respiratory examination. WBC was 25,000. ESR of 68, Pro-Cal 0.11. CT angiography of the chest showed bilateral ground glass opacities and patchy consolidation. Pan cultures, viral panel including Covid test, HIV, Autoimmune diseases, and Vasculitis work-up were negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) revealed neutrophil 38, lymphocyte 39, Eosinophile 14, Cultures were negative. Urine toxicology screen was not done. Patient was started on broad spectrum antibiotic. Patient was intubated for Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery and biopsy but could not be done due to worsening respiratory status. Based on presentation and investigation findings, diagnosis of Cocaine induced Organizing pneumonia was made. Tapered steroid therapy was added with dexamethasone initial dose of 6 mg then methyleprednisolone 125 mg. patient recovered well, extubated on day 13, switched to oral prednisone and discharged home on room air. Discussion Cocaine is an alkaloid with anesthetic properties that is administered through different routes;inhaled, IV injections, or smoked after chemical modification 'crack'. It may be smoked through different types of pipes or mixed with cigarettes or marijuana. Mechanism of cocaine induced lung injury is thought to be due to inflammatory damage, thermal injury, direct cellular toxicity, barotrauma, or vasospastic ischemia. other possibility in our patient is Smoking in aluminum foil which has food oil substances, and none stick substances can make them toxic when inhaled. Cocaine induced organizing pneumonia with respiratory failure has been reported in young cocaine smokers. Organizing pneumonia BAL cell count has increase in lymphocyte (20-40), neutrophile (5-10) and eosinophile (5-25) with the level of lymphocyte being higher than eosinophile is typical but not diagnostic for COP. Conclusion Organizing pneumonia secondary to cocaine or aluminum foil with typical presentation, radiology imaging, BAL cell count findings and excluding other causes may be diagnosed without the need of lung biopsy.

The effect of investor protection on firm riskiness and performance during the COVID-19 economic crisis

This paper examines whether differences in the quality of investor protection between countries affect firm riskiness and firm performance during the COVID-19 economic downturn. Using a large cross-country dataset and a broad variety of controls measured at the state and firm level, we find that jurisdictions that offer stronger investor protection experience significantly lower volatility and better performance during the pandemic. This effect is amplified in countries strongly affected by COVID-19. Our results contribute to the ongoing debate in the finance literature about the impact of the quality of investor protection on corporate behaviour and performance.

Brief History Of Education And Training Development In Vietnam And Recommendations For Period From 2021 To 2025

Education development has always been an important driving force for industrialization and modernization, a condition for promoting human resources, a fundamental factor for social development and economic growth. Human resource is the human resource of a country or a territory, a part of the resources, capable of mobilizing and organizing to participate in economic development society. After nearly six years of implementing the Resolution, our country’s cause of education and training has made fundamental changes in quality and effectiveness, recognized and appreciated by world educational organizations. Besides, education and training have always been considered the top national policy, the cause of the Party, State, and people. Investment in education is a development investment, given priority in socio-economic development programs and plans. The year 2021-2022 is also the academic year that the whole education sector continues to perform dual tasks. While actively implementing solutions to prevent and control the complicated Covid-19 epidemic, ensuring safe schools while trying their best to overcome difficulties to complete the school year’s tasks, meet the requirements of innovation and ensure the quality of education and training. Therefore, The objective of the article is to analyze the current situation of the education sector in recent years and propose recommendations to contribute to the development of education and training in the coming time. © RIGEO ● Review of International Geographical Education